What you need to do to get a driver's permit

A driver's permit is a document that lets you practice driving with a licensed adult in the car. To get one, you visit your state's Department of Motor Vehicles (or equivalent agency), bring specific documents, pass a written test about traffic laws, and pay a fee. The whole process usually takes one visit and costs between $20 and $100, depending on your state. You do not need a permit to take a driving course, but most states require one before you can take the road test for a full license.

The exact documents and rules vary by state, so you will need to check your state's DMV website first. Some states let you explore online or by mail; others require you to go in person. Most states issue permits that last three to five years.

Key Takeaways

  • You must bring proof of identity, proof of residency, and your Social Security number or tax ID to the DMV, though some states accept different documents.
  • The written test covers traffic signs, right-of-way rules, and safe driving practices from your state's driver manual, which is free online.
  • You must be at least 15 or 16 years old in most states, though the exact age varies.
  • A permit is valid only when a licensed adult (usually 21 or older) sits in the front seat with you.
  • Permit rules about where and when you can drive vary widely by state — some restrict night driving or highway use.

Documents to bring to the DMV

Bring an original or certified copy of your birth certificate, passport, or state ID card to prove who you are. You also need proof that you live in the state — a utility bill, lease, or bank statement with your name and address usually works. Bring your Social Security card or a document with your Social Security number on it.

Some states accept a school ID or report card as proof of residency if you do not have a utility bill. A few states let you bring a parent or guardian's tax return or mortgage statement instead. Check your state's DMV website for the exact list of documents they accept, because rules differ. Bring the originals, not photocopies, unless the website says otherwise.

If you are under 18, bring a parent or guardian with you, or bring a signed consent form from them. Some states require the parent to be present in person; others accept a notarized form. Your state's DMV website will tell you which.

Passing the written test

The written test asks 30 to 50 questions about traffic signs, speed limits, right-of-way rules, and safe driving. You usually need to score 70 to 80 percent to pass, depending on your state. The test is multiple choice and covers only information in your state's driver manual, which you can read free from your state's DMV website.

Study the manual for a few weeks before you go to the DMV. Most states let you take practice tests online for free on their DMV website. Many also offer the test in languages other than English. If you fail, you can usually retake it the same day or within a few days, though some states charge a small fee for each retake.

The test is on a computer at the DMV, and you get your result when ready. If you pass, they print your permit on the spot.

Age requirements and restrictions

Most states let you get a permit at 15 or 16 years old. A few states allow it at 14. Check your state's DMV website for the exact age. You do not need to be a certain age to take a driving course, but you do need to be old enough to get a permit before you can take the road test for a full license.

Once you have a permit, your state may restrict when and where you can drive. Many states do not allow permit holders to drive alone at night or on highways. Some ban the use of cell phones, even hands-free. A few states limit the number of passengers you can carry. These rules are called graduated licensing or learner's permit restrictions, and they vary widely. Read the back of your permit or check your state's DMV website to learn what you can and cannot do.

The cost and how long a permit lasts

A permit fee ranges from about $20 to $100 depending on your state. Most states charge between $30 and $60. Some states charge extra if you need a replacement permit or if you renew it. A few states waive the fee for low-income applicants — ask the DMV clerk when you arrive.

A permit is usually valid for three to five years. When it expires, you can renew it at the DMV, usually for a smaller fee than the original. Some states let you renew by mail or online; others require you to come in person. If your permit expires before you pass your road test, you will need to renew it before you can schedule the test.

What happens after you get your permit

With a permit, you can practice driving with a licensed adult in the front seat. That adult must be at least 21 years old in most states, though some allow 18 or 19. You cannot drive alone, and you cannot drive for work or commercial purposes.

Most states require you to hold a permit for a certain amount of time — often three to six months — before you can take the road test for a full license. Some states require a certain number of supervised driving hours, often 50 to 100 hours. Keep a log of your practice drives if your state requires it. When you are ready, you schedule a road test through your state's DMV. The road test is where a DMV examiner watches you drive and decides whether you are ready for a full license.

If you lose your permit or need a replacement

If your permit is lost, stolen, or damaged, go back to the DMV and ask for a replacement. Bring your ID and proof of residency again. Most states charge a small fee for a replacement, usually $5 to $20. Some states issue it on the spot; others mail it to you.

If your address changes, you may need to update your permit at the DMV or online, depending on your state. Check your state's DMV website for the process. If your name changes, you will need to bring a court order or marriage certificate and get a new permit.

Frequently Asked Questions

Do I have to take a driving course before I get a permit?

No. You can get a permit without taking a course. However, some states offer a discount on your insurance if you complete an approved driving course, and some high schools offer free courses. A course can help you study for the written test and learn to drive safely, but it is not required to get the permit.

Can I get a permit if I do not have a Social Security number?

Most states require a Social Security number or an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN). If you do not have either, contact your state's DMV to ask what documents you can bring instead. Some states have alternative processes for people without a Social Security number.

What if I fail the written test?

You can retake it, usually the same day or within a few days. Study the driver manual again and use the free practice tests on your state's DMV website. Most people pass on the second try. Some states charge a small fee each time you retake the test.

Can I drive on the highway with a permit?

It depends on your state. Some states allow permit holders on highways; others ban them. A few allow highways only during the day or only with a parent in the car. Check the restrictions printed on the back of your permit or on your state's DMV website.

How long can I keep a permit before I have to take the road test?

Your permit is valid for three to five years, so you have that long to take the road test. However, most states require you to hold a permit for a minimum time — usually three to six months — before you can schedule the test. If your permit expires before you pass the road test, you will need to renew it.