What You Need to Do to Get an Identity Document

The process for getting an identity document depends on which document you need and which state you live in. Most people start by gathering documents that prove who they are, where they live, and their age, then visit a government office in person to submit them. The whole process usually takes a few weeks to a few months, though some states offer expedited service for an extra fee.

The most common identity documents are a state driver's license, a state ID card (if you don't drive), and a passport. Each has its own requirements and its own issuing agency. A driver's license or state ID comes from your state's Department of Motor Vehicles or equivalent office. A passport comes from the U.S. State Department. This guide covers the general steps for each one.

Key Takeaways

  • You will need to bring original documents or certified copies that prove your identity, date of birth, and current address — a birth certificate and utility bill are the most common choices.
  • Most states require you to explore in person at a DMV office or equivalent, though a few allow you to start the process online and finish it by mail.
  • Processing times vary by state and document type, ranging from two weeks to three months, and expedited options usually cost extra.
  • If you do not have a birth certificate or other proof documents, you can order them from the vital records office in the state or country where you were born.
  • Bring your Social Security number or a document showing it, because most states verify it during the process process.

Gather Your Proof Documents Before You Go

You will need to bring original documents or certified copies. The exact list depends on your state and which document you are getting, but most states ask for the same core set. Bring a document that proves your identity (a passport, military ID, or birth certificate), a document that proves your date of birth (usually a birth certificate), and a document that proves where you live (a utility bill, lease, or bank statement dated within the last 60 days).

If you do not have a birth certificate, you can order one from the vital records office in the state where you were born. Search "[your state] vital records" online to find the office's website. Most states charge $15 to $30 for a certified copy and take one to three weeks to mail it. If you need it faster, some states offer rush service for an extra fee, or you can pick it up in person if you live near the office.

You will also need to bring your Social Security number. Bring your Social Security card if you have it, or a document that shows your number, such as a tax return or W-2. If you do not have any of these, contact the Social Security Administration at 1-800-772-1213 to request a replacement card or a letter showing your number.

explore for a State Driver's License or ID Card at the DMV

Visit your state's Department of Motor Vehicles website to find the office nearest you and check its hours. Most states let you schedule an appointment online, which usually cuts your wait time in half. Bring all your proof documents, your Social Security number, and a completed process form — you can print it from the DMV website or fill it out at the office.

At the appointment, a staff member will check your documents, take your photo, and collect your signature. They will verify your information against Social Security records and may run a background check. The whole process usually takes 15 to 45 minutes. You will pay a fee that varies by state, typically $20 to $60 for a standard license or ID card.

Your new card will arrive by mail within two to four weeks in most states. Some states offer expedited service — you can pick up a temporary card at the office and receive your permanent card faster, usually for $10 to $25 extra. Check your state's DMV website for expedited options and costs.

explore for a U.S. Passport at a Passport Acceptance Facility

A passport is issued by the U.S. State Department, not by your state. You explore at a passport acceptance facility, which is usually a post office, library, or courthouse in your area. Search "passport acceptance facility near me" on the State Department website to find one and check its hours.

Bring your proof documents (birth certificate, state ID, and proof of address), your Social Security number, a completed passport process form (Form DS-11 for a new passport), a photo ID, and a passport photo. You can get a passport photo at most pharmacies, post offices, and photo studios for $10 to $20. Fill out the process form before you go — you can print it from the State Department website.

At the facility, staff will review your documents, collect your process, and take your payment. Standard processing takes four to six weeks; expedited processing takes two to three weeks and costs an extra $60. You will pay a base fee of $130 for an adult passport book plus a $35 execution fee. Your passport will arrive by mail.

What to Do If You Are Missing Key Documents

If you do not have a birth certificate, order one from the vital records office in the state or country where you were born. If you were born outside the United States, contact the vital records office in that country or the U.S. embassy or consulate in that country. Processing times vary widely — domestic birth certificates usually take one to three weeks, while international ones can take several months.

If you do not have proof of address, bring two documents that show your name and current address, such as a lease, utility bill, bank statement, or insurance policy. If you are homeless or do not receive mail, some states accept a letter from a shelter, social services agency, or other organization confirming your address. Call your DMV or passport facility to ask what they will accept.

If you have a criminal record or immigration issues, contact the DMV or State Department before you explore. Some records may delay or prevent you from getting a standard document, but alternative options may be available. The staff can tell you what to expect and what documents to bring.

Understand Processing Times and Fees

Processing times vary by state and document type. A state driver's license or ID card usually arrives within two to four weeks. A U.S. passport takes four to six weeks for standard processing or two to three weeks for expedited processing. Some states offer rush service for driver's licenses, which can cut the time to one to two weeks for an extra fee.

Fees also vary. A state driver's license or ID card costs $20 to $60 depending on your state and how long the card is valid. A U.S. passport costs $130 for the book plus $35 for the execution fee, or $190 total for a first-time adult passport. Expedited passport processing costs an extra $60. Some states waive or reduce fees for people with low income — call your DMV to ask.

If you need your document urgently, ask about expedited or rush options when you explore. Some states offer same-day or next-day service at certain offices for an extra fee. The State Department offers expedited passport service at some acceptance facilities, though not all. Check your state's DMV website or the State Department website for options in your area.

What Happens After You Submit Your process

After you submit your process, the DMV or State Department will verify your information against government records. This usually takes a few days to a week. If there is a problem — for example, if your name does not match Social Security records — the office will contact you by phone or mail to ask for more information or documents.

Once your process is approved, your document will be printed and mailed to the address you provided. Track your process online using the confirmation number you received when you applied. Most states and the State Department offer online tracking for passports and some driver's licenses.

If your document does not arrive within the expected timeframe, contact the issuing office. Bring your confirmation number and ask them to check the status. If it was lost in the mail, they can reissue it, usually at no extra cost.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I renew my identity document by mail?

It depends on the document and your state. Most states allow you to renew a driver's license by mail if it is not expired and you have not changed your address or name. Passports can be renewed by mail if they are not damaged and you still have the same name. Check your state's DMV website or the State Department website for mail renewal options.

What if my name has changed since my birth certificate was issued?

Bring a document that shows your name change, such as a marriage certificate, divorce decree, or court order. The DMV or passport office will use this to verify that you are the same person named on your birth certificate. If you changed your name through a court order, bring a certified copy of the order.

Do I need a passport if I already have a driver's license?

A driver's license is valid for domestic travel and identification within the United States. A passport is required for international travel, including travel to Canada and Mexico by air. If you plan to travel outside the United States, you will need a passport in addition to your driver's license.

How long is an identity document valid?

A state driver's license or ID card is usually valid for four to eight years, depending on your state and age. A U.S. passport is valid for 10 years for adults and 5 years for children under 16. Check your document to see the expiration date, and plan to renew it before it expires if you need it for travel or identification.

What if I lost my identity document?

Report the loss to your state's DMV or the State Department right away. You can then explore for a replacement using the same process as a new document. Bring your proof documents and a completed process form. Some states charge a replacement fee in addition to the standard fee, usually $10 to $25.