What goes in checked bags versus carry-on

The TSA allows most everyday items in checked luggage that are banned from carry-on bags. Checked bags go in the plane's cargo hold, away from the cabin, so the rules are looser. Liquids, gels, sharp objects, and tools that would be dangerous near passengers are fine in checked bags as long as they meet size and quantity limits. The main restriction: anything flammable, explosive, or chemically reactive is banned from both checked and carry-on luggage entirely.

Your airline may have additional rules beyond the TSA's baseline. Some airlines charge extra for checked bags, limit their weight or dimensions, or restrict certain items their own policies forbid. Check your airline's website before packing—the TSA allows something does not mean your carrier will.

Key Takeaways

  • Liquids, gels, and pastes in containers larger than 3.4 ounces are allowed in checked bags but banned from carry-on.
  • Sharp objects like knives, razors, and scissors go in checked luggage only, packed so they cannot puncture the bag or injure baggage handlers.
  • Tools, including power drills, saws, and wrenches, are permitted in checked bags but prohibited in carry-on.
  • Flammable items such as lighters, lighter fluid, and aerosol cans are banned from both checked and carry-on luggage.
  • Batteries, electronics, and medications have specific rules—lithium batteries are restricted, and medications should stay in original labeled containers.

Liquids, gels, and creams in checked luggage

You can pack full-size bottles of shampoo, conditioner, lotion, toothpaste, and other liquids and gels in checked bags without the 3.4-ounce limit that applies to carry-on. Pack them in a leak-proof container or bag in case a bottle breaks—a burst shampoo bottle can ruin clothes and other items. Seal the cap with plastic wrap or a plastic bag for extra protection.

Alcohol in checked bags is allowed if it is sealed and unopened, but limits vary by airline. Most allow one liter per passenger. Check your specific airline's policy before packing a bottle of wine or spirits.

Sharp objects and tools

Knives, razors, scissors, and box cutters belong in checked luggage, not carry-on. Pack them so the blade or point is covered and cannot puncture the bag or cut a baggage handler. A knife sheath, a plastic blade guard, or wrapping in a towel all work. Do not pack them loose where someone reaching into your bag could be injured.

Tools like hammers, screwdrivers, wrenches, saws, and power drills are allowed in checked bags. Axes, hatchets, and ice picks are banned entirely. If you are unsure whether a specific tool is allowed, contact the TSA before your trip—they answer questions through their website or social media accounts.

Electronics and batteries

Lithium batteries have strict rules because they can overheat and catch fire. Spare lithium batteries (the kind in phones and laptops) are banned from both checked and carry-on luggage. A lithium battery installed in a device—like your phone, laptop, or camera—is allowed in carry-on only, not checked. This rule exists because cargo holds are not monitored for fire the way the cabin is.

Other electronics like hair dryers, electric shavers, and portable speakers are fine in checked bags. Laptops, tablets, and cameras can go in checked luggage, but most travelers keep them in carry-on to avoid damage. If you pack electronics in checked bags, wrap them well and consider removing the battery from devices that have removable ones.

Medications and medical supplies

Prescription and over-the-counter medications are allowed in checked bags. Keep them in their original labeled containers with your name on the label—this protects you if your bag is searched and makes it clear the medication is yours. Syringes and needles for medical use are permitted if they are capped or enclosed, and you should pack them in a sharps container or hard case so baggage handlers are not injured.

Medical devices like CPAP machines, inhalers, and EpiPens are allowed. If you use a device that contains a battery, check whether it is lithium-based, as some medical devices fall under the lithium battery exception and can travel in checked bags when other lithium batteries cannot.

Clothing, shoes, and personal items

Everyday clothing, shoes, belts, and accessories pack freely into checked bags. Shoes do not need to be in a separate bag unless you want to keep them from touching clothes. Jewelry, watches, and eyeglasses are fine, though many travelers keep valuable items in carry-on to reduce loss or damage.

Toiletries like deodorant, nail clippers, and tweezers go in checked bags. Aerosol deodorant and spray sunscreen are banned from both checked and carry-on because they are pressurized and flammable. Solid deodorant and stick sunscreen are allowed in both.

Items that are banned from all luggage

Flammable liquids and gases—including lighter fluid, paint thinner, gasoline, and propane—cannot travel in any luggage. Lighters and lighter fluid are banned entirely, even in checked bags. Fireworks, flares, and ammunition are prohibited. Corrosive chemicals like bleach and drain cleaner are not allowed.

Explosives, including dynamite and C-4, are obviously banned. Less obvious: certain sporting equipment like skis with explosive avalanche safety devices cannot be checked on passenger planes. If you are traveling with specialized or unusual items, check the TSA's prohibited items list on their website before packing.

Packing checked luggage safely

Place heavier items at the bottom of your bag and lighter items on top. Pack liquids and gels in the center, surrounded by clothing as a buffer against leaks. If you are packing sharp objects, wrap them thoroughly and place them where they cannot shift during handling. Use packing cubes or compression bags to organize and protect your items.

Lock your checked bag if your luggage has a TSA-approved lock. The TSA can open locked bags for inspection, and a lock deters casual tampering. Write your name and contact information inside your bag in case the external tag is lost. Take a photo of your packed bag before closing it—this creates a record of what you packed in case something goes missing or is damaged.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I pack a lighter in my checked bag?

No. Lighters and lighter fluid are banned from both checked and carry-on luggage. This includes disposable lighters, refillable lighters, and electronic lighters. If you need a lighter at your destination, purchase one after you arrive.

Are aerosol cans allowed in checked luggage?

Most aerosol cans are banned because they are pressurized and flammable. This includes spray paint, hairspray, and aerosol deodorant. Solid deodorant and non-aerosol products are fine. Check your specific product—if it says "aerosol" on the label, leave it behind.

Can I pack my laptop in a checked bag?

Yes, but most travelers avoid it because checked bags are handled roughly and items can be damaged. If you do pack a laptop in checked luggage, wrap it well and consider removing the battery if it is removable. Keep valuable electronics in carry-on when possible.

What if my medication is a liquid or gel?

Liquid and gel medications are allowed in checked bags in quantities larger than 3.4 ounces. Keep them in their original labeled containers. If you need the medication during your flight, pack a smaller amount in your carry-on bag instead.

Are tools like screwdrivers and hammers allowed in checked bags?

Yes, most common tools are allowed in checked luggage. Axes, hatchets, and ice picks are banned. If you are traveling with an unusual tool, check the TSA website or contact them before packing to confirm it is permitted.